- Ingest information in multiple ways – A study by Judy Willis in 2008 states that “The more regions of the brain that store data about a subject, the more interconnection there is. This redundancy means students will have more opportunities to pull up all of those related bits of data from their multiple storage areas in response to a single cue. This cross referencing of data means we have learned, rather than just memorized.” So as an example, let’s say your learning to speak Spanish. You could combine many different methods of learning to make it more effective including:
- Flashcards
- Writing exercises
- Youtube videos
- Audio exercises
- Using an app like Duolingo or Busuu
- Practicing with someone in person or over Skype
- Stay fit – Almost every morning, around 6 or 7 AM, I’ll do either a cardio workout (Usually a 4 mile run to the Golden Gate Bridge and back) or a 50 minute circuit training session with P90X. When I do that, my mind feels incredibly clear and sharp. There’s a study published in PLoS One that backs this claim. (This was also covered in the New York Times) Basically this study involves 81 young women who were native German speakers who were randomly divided in to 3 groups. In each of the groups they wore headphones and listened for 30 minutes to a number of paired words. One word as a Polish noun and the other was its German equivalent. Each person was asked to memorize the unfamiliar word. One group listened after sitting quietly for 30 minutes and the other group listened after riding stationary bikes at a light pace for 30 minutes. Guess what happened? The group that rode the bikes performed best.
- Learn by experience – I was a terrible writer when I first. Like I said, one of my first posts only got 354 views. But I kept writing. Now I’ve written over 50 posts, started my own motivational blog and have over 2.4 million views. There are few things that beat learning by experience. When I held my first marketing event, it was hard to get even just 30 people in the room. I had no idea how to build a landing page and registration site, no experience in building an email invite and no idea on how to get the word out effectively. After years of hosting marketing events, now I can get 100 people in a room easily and can launch an event in less than a day. But…maybe my stories aren’t good enough for you. Let’s use a celebrity. Richard Branson is a great example of this. He wasn’t an expert on the airline industry when he first started. It didn’t matter, he dove in anyway. Here’s the quick story from Virgin.com: “Richard Branson was stuck in Puerto Rico while trying to get to the British Virgin Islands. ‘They didn’t have enough passengers to warrant the flight, so they cancelled the flight,’ he explains. ‘I had a beautiful lady waiting for me in the British Virgin Islands and I hired a plane and borrowed a blackboard and as a joke I wrote Virgin Airlines on the top of the blackboard, $39 one way to BVI. I went out (and got) all the passengers who had been bumped and I filled up my first plane.'” Now Virgin Airlines is one of the top airlines in the world.
- Stay focused on one task at a time – Research at Stanford has shown that focusing one single task at a time is far more productive than multi-tasking. Travis Bradberry has written that “The frequent multi-taskers performed worse because they had more trouble organizing their thoughts and filtering out irrelevant information, and they were slower at switching from one task to another. Multitasking reduces your efficiency and performance because your brain can only focus on one thing at a time. When you try to do two things at once, your brain lacks the capacity to perform both tasks successfully.” Stay laser focused.
- Constantly test – When I would prepare for interviews, I would constantly practice role plays. This form of testing helped me to prepare for commonly asked questions and also taught me how to stay calm and collected when I get curve ball questions. Push yourself through tests. Whether it’s multiple choice, free form, role plays or flashcards, find ways to test whether or not you really understand the material you’re studying.
- Express yourself – It turns out that writing about your fears and worries might actually help your scores. According to Scientific American, “Psychologists at the University of Chicago found that college students who first wrote about their thoughts and feelings about an upcoming math exam for 10 minutes solved more arithmetic problems than did students who sat quietly. And the writing task improved the scores of highly anxious ninth graders so much that they performed as well as students with low anxiety on a biology final exam. The authors say that the technique may be most useful for habitual worriers in high-pressure situations.”
- Set up incentives – Studies have shown “findings (that) are consistent with the hypothesis that reward motivation promotes memory formation via dopamine release.” So for example, after completing a study session of reading a chapter, you could reward yourself with a short walk, a green smoothie or a funny Youtube video.
- Space out your learning – Have you ever crammed for a college final before? I have. I passed the test. But I don’t remember 99% of what I learned in those cramming sessions. Let’s face it: cramming isn’t effective. A study done by Nicholas Cepeda (York University, UCSD) shows that periodically reviewing information is a better approach than cramming.
- Stop wearing that 3 hour sleep badge with pride – We get it, you work hard. But don’t lose sleep over it. It’s simply not worth it. And there are a ton of studies that show getting enough sleep will help you learn faster and your memory will improve.
- Don’t sprint non-stop – It’s hard to sustain that and studies have shown that having regular breaks will actually boost productivity and improve focus. For example, nowadays, I’ll spring really intensely for
about 30 minutes and then take a 5 minute break. I’ll usually meditate during that time or drink a green smoothie to relax. When I’m done with that 5 minute break, I usually feel re-energized and ready to crush it again.
You will forget half of what you read after 2 weeks and 90% after 2 months.
Many answers here are saying that taking notes and reviewing them is boring or not necessary. This is simply not true. You will not retain what you learn from a book unless you get multiple repetitions of the information over time.
People tend to want the shiny new thing (“fresh” information) when really they would be better off reviewing what they have already read/forgotten. One you fully realize how much time you are wasting by not reviewing your notes (because you are forgetting so much of what you read) you will start to enjoy it. Most of my best ideas come from going back and collecting and synthesizing disparate notes and quotes from the books I have read.
My General Process Looks Like This:
1. Consume your information
This means you underline your book, take notes from an audio or video course or collect the best posts from a forum into a word document or page in OneNote.
Transfer your highlights or underlines to a separate piece of paper so you have your own set of notes.
3. Boil it down again
Use a highlighter to go over your notes and find the most important pieces. You can circle chunks of text in your notes to start organizing them.
4. Create Your final product
These are only useful for certain types of information. Some books are more general facts/information and may not be worht the extra time investment if you only have a few pages of notes and not many actionable steps.
A. Mindmap
Use your chunked notes to create a mindmap. Stick to one page and fit in as much detail as you can.
B. Action List
Go through your notes and decide what you want to take action on. Prioritize the list and put it somewhere where you will look at it again, like the wall next to your computer.
Cut up your information into two sided notecards. You can do this by hand or digitally.
Tip: You can leave notes at any stage in the process and come back later. You can also skip or combine these steps depending on how aggressively you want to learn.
There’s a lot of different tips, tricks, and ideas out there on how to learn better, faster, more, etc. Some work for some people, some work for others. It’s really hard to know which ones might help you.
Thankfully, there are some learning techniques that have been shown to have high utility across different ages, abilities, and subject areas.
5 Psychology professors/researchers explored them in a paper called Improving Students’ Learning With Effective Learning Techniques That paper is a meta study of 10 common learning/studying techniques. In it, the authors tried to figure out which techniques have the most generalizable support.
The 5 best (out of the 10 considered) were:
High Utility
- Practice Tests: Quiz yourself to check how much you know
- Distributed Practice: Short learning sessions spaced over a longer period of time (vs. cramming).
Moderate Utility
- Interleaved Practice: Study or practice different subjects in a practice session
- Elaborative Interrogation: Explain to yourself why a new fact or piece of information is true.
- Self-Explanation: Explaining how new information is related to known information.
So to learn faster, the meta study suggests: Start early and study for short bits regularly. Test yourself with quizzes, test, or flashcards to assess how much you know. Regularly stop to explain to yourself why things are how they are and how they relate to your existing knowledge.
just add one more point.
To “learn faster”, avoid becoming trapped in closed loops of self-reinforcing hidden assumptions, then learning can expand unobstructed between domains and across paradigm shifts, hence it will progress faster and more smoothly.
To avoid these traps be aware that no conceptual knowledge can be ‘perfect’ and that the hidden assumptions within what one already knows can become a subtle self-reinforcing loop of illusion. Be aware of this influence and enquire into any / all assumptions – especially the habitual thought processes that result in these assumptions. Also see What is naïve realism? and How can one recognise when one is caught within a self-reinforcing delusion?.
By the phrase “enquire into any / all assumptions” I do not mean a purely intellectual enquiry. I mean focusing attention upon these activities within the mind as they occur, apprehending them within awareness and understanding them through insight.
Only when all habitual thought processes and their consequent assumptions have been overcome can the mind perceive clearly. Then every moment of awareness nurtures the growing light of understanding, thus every experience is a lesson. See What does it mean that everything in the world is a teacher?
“When this supercontemplative state is reached, the Yogi acquires pure spiritual realisation through the balanced quiet of the chitta (thinking principle). His perception is now unfailingly exact (or his mind reveals only the truth). This particular perception is unique and reveals that which the rational mind (using testimony, inference and deduction) cannot reveal. It is hostile to, or supersedes all other impressions. When this state of perception is itself also restrained (or superseded) then is pure Samadhi achieved.” (Yoga Sutras, Samadhi Pada, 47-51)
“The ego and vanity in man often stand in the way of his acceptance of the position that super-ordinary consciousness, to which he is a total stranger, can be possible for some members of the species to which he belongs. This frame of mind is often pronounced in scholars who fondly believe that more and more extensive knowledge of the world and its infinitely varied phenomena provided by poring over vast libraries of books, is the only expansion and advancement possible to the human mind. It cannot but be repugnant to a polymath to be told that there is a learning beyond his grasp, that the very nature of the mind can change and can soar to normally super-sensible planes of being, which are inaccessible to the keenest intellect, however well informed and penetrating it might be.” (Gopi Krishna, The Wonder Of The Brain)
This inwardly directed awareness cultivates greater self-awareness of the process of cognition that constitutes one’s experiences, memories, thoughts, knowledge, paradigms and world-view (or weltanschauung), which “is the fundamental cognitive orientation of an individual or society” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wor…
Your mind is the instrument of knowing (epistemological apparatus). So to comprehend its conceptual / meaningful output one must master its use. Hence, don’t just “look through” the instrument at the experiential/semantic context that it creates. Also “look at” the instrument itself.
“To bring Peace to All, one must first discipline and control one’s own mind” (Buddha)
timate goal was learning how to create the perfect structure and title I would have gotten bored a long time ago. But my ultimate goal is to deliver a great experience to my readers. That is what keeps me in the game, that is what makes each day a new possibility to improve myself and my learning.
“Learning is a process, it never stops. Attach it to something bigger than yourself and you will be in awe with what you can achieve.”
In that moment you will own the information, not repeat it.
ter”. I felt like I knew so much.
Have an open mind and be ready to assimilate knowledge no matter when or where it comes from. A large part of being a good learner is breaking out of the classroom mentality and realising that learning is an always-on process and can happen anywhere.
Secondly, it helps to have your base ready. Try to know as much as possible about your area of interest in advance. This will help you hit the ground running when you do come across a significant source of information. You will not have to spend time getting the base definitions right and you’ll be able to jump right into the lesson.
Be prepared to do homework as well. After assimilating information, go back home and read up about what you learnt. This will not only hammer in the parts you already know, but it will also widen the idea in your head and help you make connections between the various aspects of the lesson you learnt.
Start making mental links inside your head between the various disciplines. This will help you form a holistic view of the world and everything that’s in it. Once you get your head around the idea that all knowledge is connected and not really contained in separate disciplines, your resistance to new ideas will become less powerful and the learning process itself will become much smoother.